Modern tires are a remarkable feat of engineering, offering thousands of miles of service life, a quiet ride, enhanced fuel efficiency, and more. Tire manufacturers provide options for various types of vehicles and their specific uses, including tires specifically designed for electric vehicles. Due to the substantial battery packs that EVs carry, they tend to be significantly heavier than similar gasoline-only models, making it crucial to choose the right tire for a safe and convenient ownership experience. With that in mind, there are several weight-related factors to consider when looking for EV tires, so let’s explore how the weight of EVs influences tire selection and performance.
Research indicates that electric vehicles weigh approximately 30 percent more than comparable vehicles powered by internal combustion engines. An example from a study on the 2024 Hyundai Kona shows that the gasoline version weighed 3,053 pounds, while the Kona EV weighed 3,758 pounds. This trend is also observed in larger electric vehicles, particularly trucks, such as the Ford F-150 Lightning, which can weigh as much as 6,500 pounds in some variations, while the gas-powered version weighs just over 5,000 pounds in its heaviest configuration.
How does the weight of EVs influence tires?
Tires are the only components of a vehicle that make contact with the road, so they experience significant forces at work, even during a casual trip to the grocery store. Heavier vehicles impose more stress on tires, applying greater loads on the tire structure and generating more downward force on the rubber treads. This additional weight can lead to increased friction, resulting in faster tire wear, making durability an important factor when selecting tires for electric vehicles. Over time, the substantial weight of EVs can reduce tire lifespan as the rubber continuously presses against the road surface with more force than that exerted by gasoline models.
EV tires also need to possess the structural integrity required to bear the extra battery weight, and many manufacturers have modified their tire design processes accordingly. Sailun’s ERange tires feature enhanced load-bearing capabilities with a reinforced sidewall to uphold the tire’s structure, providing exceptional performance and long-lasting durability. Sailun uses specially engineered rubber compounds and distinct tread patterns to ensure optimal performance under the higher weights associated with modern EVs.
Heavier vehicles also necessitate longer braking distances to manage momentum and acceleration. Tires specifically developed for electric vehicles consider this factor and are designed to handle the repeated stresses of decelerating a heavy vehicle laden with batteries. Their tread designs and structural stability also help reduce braking distances.
What additional factors influence the lifespan and performance of EV tires?
One of the most notable selling points of EVs, particularly at the outset, was their “instant” torque. Unlike gasoline engines, which must reach higher RPMs to produce torque, electric motors deliver peak torque right from the start. This enhanced acceleration can put stress on tires even in routine driving situations, as drivers may be tempted to make use of their EV’s powerful acceleration in everyday contexts. The increased turning power leads to additional friction on the tires, resulting in quicker wear. Sailun’s ERange tires are built using EcoPoint technology with liquid phase mixing, allowing for a longer lifespan without compromising comfort or performance.
What about EV tires and driving range?
You may have encountered the term “low rolling resistance” when discussing tires made for electric vehicles. This concept pertains to tire design, which in the case of EVs, aims to minimize friction (rolling resistance) and thus enhance range. Reduced friction means that electric motors face less resistance while operating, improving the vehicle’s overall range. Manufacturers achieve this reduction in friction by implementing stiffer sidewalls and specially designed tread patterns that also accommodate the added weight.
Can I use standard tires on my electric vehicle?
It is possible, but it is not advisable. While opting for a conventional all-season tire for your EV might seem like a cost-saving measure, it would result in missing out on the range and performance advantages, and you might find yourself needing to replace tires sooner than anticipated. Standard passenger car tires, inclusive of all-season, winter, and summer performance variations, work well for lighter cars and SUVs, but they are not engineered to handle the stronger forces that electric vehicles exert and do not provide the same range benefits. It’s preferable to choose a specially-engineered tire that aligns with your EV’s specifications and performance needs.
Although this information may seem daunting, the positive news is that with a bit of research, identifying the right EV tire is quite manageable. Aim for a tire that offers the weight rating you require, and make sure to investigate the range, noise level, and performance characteristics of the tire you are considering. Sailun’s ERange tires come in a variety of sizes tailored for many new electric vehicle models, so if you’re interested in learning more, visit the website to explore the available tire options.
The fundamentals of EV tires: why do electric vehicles require specialized tires?
When it comes to caring for your electric car or plug-in hybrid, the selection of replacement tires is worthy of special consideration. Features specific to electric vehicles – particularly their increased weight and the functioning of electric motors – elevate the importance of tires in terms of both efficiency and the driving experience of an electric vehicle. In fact, compared to traditional gas-powered vehicles, EVs place greater strain on tires, leading to faster wear.
These elements make the tire selection for an electric vehicle a crucial decision, and Michelin is a leading authority in this field. Long before electric cars became popular, we were leaders in crafting high-efficiency premium tires that are engineered for longevity.
Robustness
Electric vehicles are equipped with heavy batteries, necessitating tires capable of supporting the added weight. While the battery serves as an energy reservoir, it is the electric motor that delivers instant torque (and silence inside the cabin!). With an electric vehicle, the moment you press the accelerator, you access the full power of the vehicle. This results in sharper and more intense weight transfers compared to a vehicle powered by combustion engines, which also intensifies tire wear.
When considering EVs compared to ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles, people often immediately think of “no gas!” Even though the environmentally friendly design of an electric vehicle eliminates the dependence on fossil fuels and many high-maintenance engine components, an EV is actually heavier than an ICE. This additional weight comes from the substantial batteries that serve as the energy source and is a key reason electric vehicles require specialized tires. A heavier vehicle demands tires that can perform under increased weight while also providing durability and a long lifespan.
Instant torque for acceleration
One appealing aspect of driving an EV is its rapid acceleration resulting from high instant torque. In contrast, accelerating in an ICE takes more time as pressing the gas pedal initiates several processes that take time to reach the wheel axles. In an electric vehicle, applying pressure on the accelerator translates to immediate action, with no lag from a driveshaft, gears, or the engine to reach high speeds and maximum torque. Some high-end electric vehicles can go from 0 to 60 mph in just 2.5 seconds.
While instant torque is exciting, it is especially important to EV owners desiring precise handling and performance; this higher torque can be tough on tires. Similar to weight considerations, tires designed for electric vehicles are optimized for durability to withstand the additional stress brought on by high torque. Michelin has heavily invested in research and development to create vehicle tires that can endure the instant torque associated with electric vehicles. Like with weight, a resilient tire casing and effective tire compounds are crucial factors that Michelin has innovated over the decades. Our current focus is on combining different compounds for various areas of a tire’s tread pattern and different tire surfaces, both internally and externally, to address the increased tire wear due to an EV’s high torque.
Rolling resistance and range
A frequently discussed topic concerning electric vehicle tires is rolling resistance. Tires across all types of vehicles need to minimize rolling resistance to enhance fuel efficiency. Equipping your EV with appropriate tires guarantees optimal battery range.
How do tires enhance range? Remember, to set an object in motion, energy must be applied. Between the energy input and the energy converted into movement, there is always some loss in the form of heat, as the tire must transfer some energy to the ground. This phenomenon is referred to as rolling resistance.
Rolling resistance, or rolling friction, is the force that opposes motion as a tire rolls on a surface. Traditional gas-powered vehicles counterbalance rolling resistance with fuel, while electric vehicles rely on battery power, affecting the EV’s range on a single charge.
Electric vehicles are inherently more efficient than ICE vehicles because they minimize energy loss through heat and engine friction. Consequently, the relatively minor energy loss attributed to rolling resistance significantly impacts an EV’s energy loss profile.
Noise considerations
Another major distinction in tires optimized for electric vehicles is their contribution to a quieter, more comfortable ride. This may seem paradoxical. EVs are recognized for their quiet operation compared to gas-powered vehicles. However, the noisy engines of traditional vehicles actually help to mask the sounds produced while driving. In the tranquil environment of an EV, there are fewer surrounding sounds to obscure the noise generated by the road and tires. EV-ready tires are specifically designed to minimize noise transmission to the passenger compartment through the use of acoustic dampening foam and tread design.
Recognizing the significance of tyres
Tyres are frequently neglected when selecting a vehicle, yet they are crucial for the overall functionality and enjoyment of driving an EV. The first tyre was created in the 19th century to enhance the comfort of cycling. Since then, tyres rapidly gained popularity and became standard for automobiles.
Currently, tyres are found not only on cars but also on airplanes, bicycles, and even vehicles venturing across the surface of Mars. As the primary point of contact between the road and an EV, tyres must endure varying conditions, driving styles, and vehicle types. We will discuss what this implies for tyre specifications and whether investing in specialised tyres for your EV is beneficial.
How does tyre condition affect your EV?
The state of your tyres has a direct impact on your EV’s performance. Selecting the correct tyres involves more than just reaching your destination; it is a long-term investment towards:
- Fuel efficiency : Well-maintained, appropriate tyres can help maximize the miles you achieve from each charge. They are essential for optimizing range and efficiency.
- Ride comfort : Tyres play a significant role in the smoothness and comfort of your ride. They help absorb road imperfections and minimize cabin noise and vibrations, enhancing the overall driving experience.
- Safety : Quality tyres improve grip when braking and cornering, contributing to overall stability. Their condition can determine whether you stop safely or risk an accident.
What to keep in mind when buying new EV tyres
When it’s time to buy new tyres for your EV, consider the following factors to ensure you make an informed choice:
- Tread depth and pattern : Critical for maintaining traction, especially in wet conditions. Ensure the tread depth and pattern you select suit your driving environment.
- Pressure : Proper tyre pressure is vital for efficiency and safety. You can find the correct tyre pressure for your EV in your owner’s manual or on the driver’s side door.
- Ratings : Seek tyres with appropriate specifications for load, speed, dimensions, and efficiency that align with your typical driving conditions and EV characteristics.
- Driving conditions : Take into account the environments in which you will drive. Whether through city streets, on highways, or a combination of both, choose tyres that offer optimal performance and durability in those conditions.
Are EV tyres different from ICE car tyres?
Indeed, EV tyres are engineered to handle the extra weight of the heavy battery pack. They are constructed to be sturdier, utilizing different materials and sidewall designs to endure the increased stress imposed by electric vehicles. Consequently, EV tyres typically have a greater weight.
Interestingly, despite being heavier, EV tyres are quieter than traditional tyres. This is due to their design that aims to minimize noise through the use of foam inlays or additional rubber.
However, this means EV tyres come with a higher price tag. While one might expect that the additional strain would hasten their wear, the contrary is true. Tyres specifically designed for EVs generally wear down at a slower pace than conventional tyres, which offsets the initial cost.
What do the numbers on tyres represent?
The numbers and letters printed on the sidewall of tyres represent the size and performance characteristics. Comprehending these markings can assist you in selecting tyres that fit your EV perfectly and satisfy your driving requirements.
For instance, a sidewall marking of 205/55 R16/91 V denotes:
Width : 205 indicates the width of the tyre in mm
Profile : 55 refers to the side profile as a percentage of the width
Rim : R16 specifies the wheel diameter that the tyre is compatible with, expressed in inches
Load : 91 indicates the tyre’s load capacity, which in this case is 615kg
Speed rating : V signifies the highest speed the tyre can accommodate, which is 149mph.
What is the legal tread depth?
The legal minimum tread depth for all tyres, whether EV-specific or not, is 1.6mm. This requirement helps ensure your tyres maintain sufficient grip, particularly in wet conditions. You might observe that new EV tyres have a shallower tread depth compared to traditional tyres. This design feature enhances rolling resistance without negatively affecting performance or wear.
What is the recommended pressure for an EV tyre?
The suggested pressure for EV tyres varies based on the vehicle model and tyre size. It is essential to adhere to the manufacturer’s guidelines provided in PSI, typically located in your manual or on a sticker inside the driver’s door. Keeping the correct pressure will enhance both efficiency and safety, optimizing range while minimizing the risk of tyre damage.
How to maintain your EV tyres
If you’re thinking about getting a new set of EV tyres or have recently purchased new ones, there are several straightforward tips you can implement to extend the lifespan and efficiency of your tyres, allowing you to enjoy them for a longer period:
- Keep the correct tyre pressure – Regularly check and modify your tyre pressure as per the PSI recommended by the manufacturer.
- Inspect tread depth – Periodically examine your tyres to ensure you meet the minimum of 1.6mm for safe driving.
- Drive smoothly – Aggressive driving can accelerate tyre wear, so try to brake and accelerate gently for better durability.
- Avoid overloading – Don’t exceed the weight limit of your EV, as extra weight adds stress to your tyres.
- Drive cautiously – Steer clear of potholes and other dangers to protect your tyres and suspension from damage.
Pay Attention to Your EV’s Existing Tires
A common misconception about vehicles in general, and particularly electric cars, is that tyres can be swapped out like interchangeable parts. While it’s true there are various brands of tyres that will fit your vehicle, the original tyres that came with your car are specifically designed for it—often, especially in the case of electric vehicles, they are tailored for optimal performance.
When it comes to EVs, the tyre’s grip, noise, and efficiency are all interrelated, which is why tyre manufacturers and automakers invest significant resources into refining these aspects to create ideal tyre combinations for new electric cars.
Therefore, when it’s time to replace your tyres, most EV owners will find that opting for the same tyres their vehicle originally had is typically the best choice, according to Russell Shepherd, technical communications director at Michelin, North America, Inc. “If you are happy with the performance of your vehicle’s tyres and want to maintain that, then your best bet is to purchase the OE [original equipment] tyres again,” noted Shepherd. “However, there are always intriguing alternatives besides the OE option.”
Finding the Right Tyre for Your Needs
Many of the appealing alternatives for the latest electric vehicles are ultra-high performance (UHP) tyres. While these tyres can enhance the grip of high-performance electric cars, they also introduce potential pitfalls in choosing tyres for electric vehicles, leading to compromises that could have unforeseen consequences.
It’s reasonable to seek increased grip for your high-performance electric vehicle; typically, upgrading the tyres is the most straightforward and economical way to achieve better traction. However, when it comes to electric cars, there are unique factors that can make even anticipated trade-offs more significant compared to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.
Rolling resistance is particularly important in an EV’s overall power loss profile, primarily because EVs are much more efficient than ICE vehicles—approximately 75 percent of energy isn’t squandered as heat and other drivetrain friction, so the relatively minor energy lost to rolling resistance becomes a larger fraction of the total.
Consequently, while upgrading the tyres on an ICE sports sedan may only slightly diminish fuel efficiency, a notable shift in rolling resistance could lead to substantial reductions in the range of your electric vehicle. “Bear in mind that tyres designed for OEMs, particularly for electric vehicles, typically exhibit lower rolling resistance. If you change from the OE tyres to aftermarket tyres, you’re likely to see an increase in rolling resistance,” Shepherd explained.
As Shepherd highlights, alterations in grip and rolling resistance are not the sole unintended effects you might encounter by switching to a different type of tyre for your electric vehicle.
Increased Wear and Unwanted Noise
Shepherd states that electric vehicles are generally around 10 percent heavier (on average) than their ICE counterparts, which can result in up to 20 percent more tyre wear. This notable difference in wear and tyre lifespan may not be obvious to most EV owners, especially since the relationship between slightly higher weight and significantly greater wear is not intuitive. However, weight is not the only factor influencing wear; the instant torque provided by EVs and regenerative braking can also negatively impact your tyres over time.
If you decide to swap your EV’s original equipment tires for a different type, particularly one not meant for electric vehicles, you might encounter more noise than anticipated. This is because tires designed for EVs focus more on noise management compared to those made for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The silent operation of a battery-electric vehicle allows for greater potential for road and tire noise to permeate the interior, highlighting the critical need to select the appropriate tire for your specific vehicle.
“Numerous electric vehicles have acoustic damping foam integrated within the tire to minimize road noise, since there is no engine noise in electric cars, making them quieter,” stated Shepherd. “Therefore, if you replace the original equipment tires with an aftermarket option, you might lose that road noise dampening.”
Whether this becomes an issue for you depends on your sensitivity to road and tire noise as well as the types of surfaces you drive on. Conversely, if you find the original tires your vehicle came with to be excessively noisy, it could be worthwhile to explore a new set specifically designed for EVs that includes acoustic damping foam or other innovative technologies aimed at noise reduction.
Verify the Tire’s Load Rating
However, a universal concern for everyone is the load rating. A new “high load” tire standard—referred to as HL—has been introduced to cater to the demands of the EV market, particularly regarding the increased weight resulting from larger battery packs. “[New EVs] are generally heavier, and many of these electric vehicles are now utilizing a new standard of high load capacity tires,” explained Michelin technical product communications and development engineer Steve Calder. “One possible oversight is failing to recognize this and putting on tires that aren’t designed to handle the load, even if their size is identical.”
Load rating might not be something you typically consider, especially with a regular passenger car rather than a vehicle designed for heavy hauling or towing. Nevertheless, a full load of 4-5 adult passengers and perhaps some luggage can significantly raise a car’s weight by 500-1,000 pounds or more, making tire load ratings crucial—since safety becomes increasingly vital when transporting friends or family. A tire’s load rating directly impacts its safety, as it guarantees the tire can endure the demands and pressures experienced during braking, turning, and acceleration, along with bumps and uneven surfaces.
Ultimately, tires may appear to be relatively minor, easily replaceable components of your electric car, and even an area where you could potentially cut back on maintenance expenses. However, your electric vehicle’s tires are extremely important since they represent the sole point of contact between your vehicle and the road, significantly affecting your vehicle’s safety, handling, as well as its overall efficiency and range.
